docker-multi-stage

# Dockerfile — Multi-stage Node.js build
# Stage 1: Install dependencies
FROM node:20-alpine AS deps
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml ./
RUN corepack enable pnpm && pnpm install --frozen-lockfile

# Stage 2: Build
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# Stage 3: Production runtime
FROM node:20-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app
ENV NODE_ENV=production

# Non-root user for security
RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 app && \
    adduser --system --uid 1001 app

COPY --from=builder --chown=app:app /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder --chown=app:app /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder --chown=app:app /app/package.json ./

USER app
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"]
# Result: ~150MB instead of ~1.2GB with full dev dependencies

# Dockerfile — Go binary with scratch base
FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download
COPY . .
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -ldflags="-s -w" -o /server ./cmd/server

# Scratch = empty image, only the static binary
FROM scratch
COPY --from=builder /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/ssl/certs/
COPY --from=builder /server /server
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/server"]
# Result: ~12MB instead of ~800MB

# Dockerfile — Python with virtual environment
FROM python:3.12-slim AS builder
WORKDIR /app
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir poetry
COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock ./
RUN poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true && \
    poetry install --only main --no-interaction

FROM python:3.12-slim AS runner
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/.venv ./.venv
COPY . .
ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH"
EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]
# Result: ~200MB instead of ~1GB with all build tools

FROM node:20-alpine AS deps
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml ./
RUN corepack enable pnpm && pnpm install --frozen-lockfile

FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .
RUN npm run build

FROM node:20-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app
ENV NODE_ENV=production
RUN adduser --system --uid 1001 nextjs

# Next.js standalone output — only essential files
COPY --from=builder /app/public ./public
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs /app/.next/standalone ./
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs /app/.next/static ./.next/static

USER nextjs
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "server.js"]
# Result: ~100MB instead of ~500MB+